The Difference Between a 504 Plan and an IEP (And Which One Fits Your Child Best)

Introduction

If your child struggles in school due to a disability or learning challenge, you may hear two important terms: 504 Plan and IEP (Individualized Education Program). Both are designed to support students with unique needs, but they aren’t the same thing.

This guide breaks down the key differences, eligibility requirements, and how to decide which plan is right for your child.

What is a 504 Plan?

A 504 Plan falls under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, a civil rights law that ensures students with disabilities can access their education on an equal basis.

✅ Key Features:

• Provides accommodations and modifications to remove barriers to learning
  

• Does not include specialized instruction
  

• Focuses on equal access, not individualized learning goals
  

• Examples: extended time on tests, seating changes, breaks during lessons, assistive technology
  

✅ Who Qualifies:

Any student with a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity (learning, reading, communicating, concentrating, etc.).

What is an IEP?

An Individualized Education Program (IEP) is governed by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), a federal law that provides special education services for eligible students.

✅ Key Features:

• Provides specialized instruction tailored to the child’s unique learning needs
  

• Includes measurable annual goals and progress tracking
  

• Requires formal evaluations and eligibility under one of 13 disability categories
  

• Services may include speech therapy, occupational therapy, small-group instruction, and behavioral support
  

✅ Who Qualifies:

Students must meet the criteria for one or more of IDEA’s disability categories and need specialized instruction to make academic progress.

Key Differences Between a 504 Plan and an IEP

Which Plan is Right for Your Child?

Ask these questions to help determine the best fit:

1. Does my child need just accommodations, or specialized instruction to learn effectively?
   

2. Does their condition significantly impact major life activities but not necessarily academic learning? (Consider 504.)
   

3. Does their condition require measurable, individualized learning goals and specialized teaching methods? (Consider IEP.)
   

4. Have I received evaluations that support eligibility under IDEA? (Needed for IEP.)
   

If you’re unsure, you have the right to request evaluations for both options to determine eligibility.

Advocacy Tips for Parents

• Request evaluations in writing: Schools are legally obligated to respond within set timelines in Texas.
  

• Bring documentation: Medical records, test results, and teacher reports can strengthen your case.
  

• Ask for copies of your rights: Both 504 and IEP processes come with procedural safeguards—know them.
  

• Consider professional support: An educational advocate can guide you through eligibility meetings and help secure the right plan.
  

Key Takeaway

Both a 504 Plan and an IEP are designed to help students with disabilities succeed in school, but the level of support and services is different. Choosing the right one depends on your child’s unique needs and whether they require specialized instruction or just accommodations.

With the right plan—and strong advocacy—you can ensure your child has the tools and support to thrive.

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